The Constitution of India empowers courts to issue five types of writs to safeguard citizens’ rights and ensure justice:

1️⃣ Habeas Corpus (“Produce the Body”)

• Used when a person is unlawfully detained or imprisoned.
• The court orders authorities to present the detained person and justify their detention.
• Example: If a person is illegally arrested, their family can file this writ for immediate release.

2️⃣ Mandamus (“We Command”)

• Issued to public officials, government bodies, or lower courts to perform their legal duty.
• Example: If a government department fails to issue a license despite fulfilling all requirements, the court can direct them to do so.

3️⃣ Prohibition (“Stay Order”)

• Issued to a lower court or tribunal, preventing them from exceeding their jurisdiction.
• Example: If a district court tries a case beyond its legal authority, the High Court can stop the proceedings.

4️⃣ Certiorari (“To Be Certified”)

• Issued to quash the order of a lower court or tribunal when it has acted beyond its jurisdiction or violated legal principles.
• Example: If a tribunal passes an unfair judgment, the High Court or Supreme Court can cancel it.

5️⃣ Quo Warranto (“By What Authority”)

• Issued to challenge the illegal occupation of a public office by an individual.
• Example: If a person holds a government position without proper qualifications, the court can remove them.